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srihMd Pqih idvs qRYÈqfbdI smfgm smfpq |
pMjfb dy muwK mMqrI s[ pRkfÈ isMG bfdl ny ikhf ik kFgrs afpxy mfVy mnsUibaF df iqafg krky rfj aMdr brkrfr KuÈgvfr mfhOl ƒ Krfb krn dIaF cflF qoN guryj kry. AuhnF pMjfb ivwc BVkfAU nfairaF rfhIN nOjvfnF ƒ lokqMqirk rfh qoN BtkfAux vfly afgUaF ƒ afVy hwQIN lYNidaF iswK BfeIcfry ƒ kFgrs dy iehnF eyjMtF qoN sucyq rihx leI vI ikhf. awj ieQy bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr vwloN srihMd Pqih idvs dy qRYÈqfbdI jÈnf mOky afXoijq iewk ivÈfl rfj pwDrI smfgm ƒ sMboDn kridaF ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI vwloN nFdyV (mhFrfÈtr) qoN PqihgVH sfihb qwk 2500 iklomItr lMmF pYNzf qYa krky ieiqhfsk Pqih mfrc afXoijq krn dI vDfeI idwqI .
AunHF afiKaf ik akflI- Bfjpf srkfr ijQy aijhy srv Drm smfgm afXoijq krky pMjfb aMdr afpsI BfeIcfrk sFJ ƒ hor mËbUq krn vwl vwD rhI hY, AuQy kFgrs pfrtI afpxy eyjMtF rfhIN rfj ivwc iPrkU qxfa vDfAux leI cflF cwl rhI hY, ikAuNik ies pfrtI kol afpxf rfjsI eyjMzf hI nhIN . bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr ƒ swcI ÈrDFjlI ByNt kridaF AunHF afiKaf ik AunHF ny muglF dI KyqrI rfjDfnI srhMd dI iewt nfl iewt KVkf ky dsm ipqf dy Coty sfihbËfidaF qy mfqf gujrI dI lfsfnI ÈhIdI df ZukvF bdlf lY ky Kflsf rfj dI ijwq df JMzf gwizaf.
srhMd Pqih idvs dy avsr `qy muwK mMqrI ny ies mOky jylHF c bMd kYdIaF ƒ vwzI rfhq idMidaF 10 qoN 20 sfl dI kYd kwtx vfilaF ƒ iewk sfl dI Cot, 7 qoN 10 sfl vfilaF ƒ 9 mhIny, 5 qoN 7 sfl leI 6 mhIny, 3 qoN 5 sfl leI iqMn mhIny aqy iqMn sfl qoN Gwt kYd kwtx vfilaF ƒ iewk mhIny dI sËf muafPI df aYlfn vI kIqf. ies qoN ielfvf muwK mMqrI ny aYlfn kIqf ik pMjfb srkfr cpVicwVI smyq vwzy aqy Coty GwlUGfry dy ÈhIdF dI Xfd ivwc kfhƒvfn aqy kuwp rhIVf ivKy ieiqhfsk XfdgfrF dI AusfrI krvfvygI .
ies mOky muwK mMqrI ny bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr vwloN jfrI kIqy nfnkÈfhI iswikaF, ijhnF ƒ ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI vwloN muV iqafr krvfieaf hY, ƒ vI jfrI kIqf aqy zfk ivBfg pMjfb srkl vwloN bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dI srhMd Pqih ƒ smripq zfk ilPfPf aqy ÈRomxI kmytI df sovInfr vI jfrI kIqf. ies mOky muwK mMqrI ny bfbf Pqih isMG dI vMÈ ivwcoN sR: ieMdrjIq isMG cwk Pqih isMG vflf, jsits moqf isMG XU[ky[ dy pirvfrk mYNbr, iswK buwDIjIvI zf: hrnfm isMG Èfn, vfqfvrx pRymI bfbf blvIr isMG sINcyvfl, BfrqI hfkI tIm dy kpqfn rfjpfl isMG dy ipqf , bIbI ieMdrjIq kOr muKI ipMglvfVf, dmdmI tksfl dy muKI bfbf hrnfm isMG DUMmf aqy buwZf dl dy muKI bfbf blvIr isMG ƒ vI snmfinq kIqf.
ies qoN pihlF muwK mMqrI pMjfb sR: prkfÈ isMG bfdl, Bfjpf dy rfÈtrI pRDfn ÈRI iniqn gzkrI aqy Aup muwK mMqrI sR: suKbIr isMG bfdl ny gurduafrf ÈRI PqihgVH sfihb ivKy mwQf tyikaf. AuprMq bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dI jIvnI ƒ drsfAux vfly ajfieb Gr df nINh pwQr vI rwiKaf. ies mOky sMgqF ƒ sMboDn kridaF Aup muwK mMqrI pMjfb suKbIr isMG bfdl ny pMQ dy mhfn jrnYl bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr ƒ mhfn ÈhId krfr idMidaF sMgqF ƒ ikhf ik Auh bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dI afdrÈk aqy iswKI soc vflI jIvnI qoN pRyrnF lYx ijhnF ny jfq pfq qoN rihq smfj isrjxf dy sMklp ƒ awgy qoridaF grIbF qy mjlUmF dI rfKI kIqI. AuhnF ikhf ik pMjfb srkfr vI bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dI soc anusfr grIbF aqy dwby kucly vrg df jIvn pwDr Aucf cuwkx leI AuhnF ƒ vwK vwK skImF qihq vwzIaF rfhqF phuMcf rhI hY . smfgm dOrfn ijwQy suKbIr isMG bfdl ny afpxy ipAu pRkfÈ isMG bfdl dI qulnf bMdf bhfdr nfl kIqI AuQy afpxI qulnf Pqih isMG nfl kr leI.
ies mOky ÈRI akfl qKq dy jQydfr igafnI gurbcn isMG ny afpxy sMdyÈ ivwc ikhf ik mhfn jrnYl bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr ny awj qoN 300 sfl pihlF cpVicwVI dy mYdfn ivwc hoey XuwD dOrfn sUbf srhMd ƒ Aus ƒ mOq dy Gft Auqfr ky pihly iswK rfj dI sQfpnF kIqI aqy krIb 700 sfl rfj krn vfly mugl sfmrfj df Kfqmf krky nvF ieiqhfs isrijaf sI.
AuhnF ies mOky dyÈ ivdyÈ qoN juVIaF sMgqF ƒ smfijk burfeIaF df Kfqmf krn leI vI awgy afAux df sMdyÈ idwqf. ies mOky AuhnF aYlfn kIqf ik mfrc aqy jUn 2016 ivwc idwlI ivKy pUry KflsfeI jfho jlfl nfl bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr aqy hor mhfn ÈhIdF dI Xfd ivwc do vwzy smfgm krvfey jfxgy.
ies mOky BfrqI jnqf pfrtI dy kOmI pRDfn iniqn gzkrI ny ikhf ik bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dI aduwqI Èhfdq dI imsfl dunIaF ivwc ikDry nhIN imldI aqy AunHF vwloN idwqI kurbfnI pMjfb leI hI nhIN, sgoN dyÈ vfsIaF leI vI pRyrnf sroq bxI rhygI, ikAuNik Aus mhfn vIr purÈ ny awiqafcfr df Kfqmf krky iswK rfj dI sQfpnf kIqI sI. AuhnF pMjfb srkfr vwloN bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dI Xfdgfr sQfpq krn `qy mubfrkbfd idMidaF ikhf ik ieh Xfdgfr sfzIaF afAux vflIaF pIVHIaF ƒ sfzy gOrvmeI ivrsy dI jfxkfrI pRdfn krygI. ies mOky sQfnk srkfrF bfry mMqrI mnorMjn kflIaf ny ikhf ik bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr ÈkqI qy BgqI dy sumyl sn ijhnF dyÈ ivwcoN mugl rfj dI jVH puwtx ivwc aihm BUimkf inBfeI. ies mOky Bfjpf pMjfb mfmilaF dy ieMcfrj blvIr puMj ny ikhf ik sfƒ mhfn jrnYl bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr dIaF iswiKafvF `qy cwl ky jbr `qy julm qy smfijk kurIqIaF dy iKlfP ivÈyÈ muihMm ivwZxI cfhIdI hY.
dmdmI tksfl dy muKI sMq bfbf hrnfm isMG DuMmf ny ikhf ik pMQ ivroDI ÈkqIaF ny sfzI nOjvfn pIVHI ƒ brbfd krn leI niÈaF df jfl ivCf ky rwK idwqf hY. AuhnF ikhf ik iswK BlfeI dy mhfn jrnYl bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr vwloN kIqy srihMd Pqih idvs dy ieiqhfsk mOky `qy afE niÈaF dI hnyrI ƒ Twl pfAux, BrUx hwiqaf qy dyhDfrI gurU pRMprf ƒ rokx leI DVybMdIaF qoN Aupr AuT ky iemfndfrI nfl hMBlf mfrIey.
qKq ÈRI hjUr sfihb qoN Pqih mfrc nfl ieQy dwKxI isMGF dy iek vwzy jwQy dy rUp ivwc phuMcy ÈRI hjUr sfihb dy hYz gRMQI igafnI pRqfp isMG ny qKq ÈRI hjUr sfihb qoN ilaFdy ieiqhfsk pMj qIr, iewk ngfrf, inÈfn sfihb ÈRI akfl qKq sfihb dy jQydfr igafnI gurbcn isMG aqy ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDfn jQydfr avqfr isMG ƒ ieiqhfsk gurduafrf ÈRI PqihgVH sfihb leI ByNt kIqy. ies mOky ÈRomxI gurduafrf pRbMDk kmytI dy pRDfn jQydfr avqfr isMG ny ikhf ik bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr ny QoVy smyN ivwc Kflsf rfj dI sQfpnf krky ieiqhfsk kfrnfmf kr ivKfieaf ijs dI dunIaF ivwc ikqy vI imsfl nhIN imldI. styj skwqr dI BUimkf muwK mMqrI pMjfb dy slfhkfr zf: dljIq isMG cImf ny bfKUbI inBfeI. ies mOky qKq ÈRI ptnf sfihb dy jQydfr igafnI iekbfl isMG, qKq ÈRI dmdmf sfihb dy jQydfr blvMq isMG nMdgVH, qKq ÈRI kysgVH sfihb dy jQydfr igafnI qrlocn isMG, qKq ÈRI nMdyV sfihb dy jQydfr igafnI kulvMq isMG, igafnI pRqfp isMG, ÈRI akfl qKq sfihb dy sfbkf jQydfr igafnI joigMdr isMG vydFqI, BfeI mnjIq isMG, bfbf inhfl isMG hrIaF vylF vfly , buwZf dl dy muKI bfbf blvIr isMG, suKdyv isMG ZINzsf mYNbr rfj sBf, blivMdr isMG BUMdV, pRo: pRym isMG cMdUmfjrf, gurdyv isMG bfdl sInIar mIq pRDfn ÈRomxI akflI dl, qrlocn isMG vjIr rfjOrI jMmU kÈmIr ny vI sMboDn kIqf.
ies mOky syvf isMG syKvF, primMdr isMG ZINzsf, gulËfr isMG rxIky, suwcf isMG lMgfh, hIrf isMG gfbVIaf, ajIq isMG kohfV, mfstr mohn lfl (sfry mMqrI), rfj Kurfxf qy ibkrmjIq isMG Kflsf, bIbI mihMdr kOr joÈ (sfry muwK sMsdI skwqr), jsjIq isMG bMnI, Aujfgr isMG vzflI, dIdfr isMG BwtI (sfry ivDfiek), goibMd isMG kFJlf, iskMdr isMG mlUkf, qoqf isMG, mhyÈieMdr isMG gryvfl, ajYb isMG muKmYlpur (sfry sfbkf mMqrI), pRo: ikRpfl isMG bMzUgr, rfijMdr BMzfrI, gurpRIq isMG rfjU KMnF, sqivMdr kOr DflIvfl, jgdIp isMG cImf iËlHf pRDfn, rxDIr isMG rwKVf, jQydfr surjIq isMG gVHI, hrivMdrpfl isMG hrpflpur, krnYl isMG pMjolI, dlmyG isMG skwqr aYs jI pI sI, hrpRIq isMG bsMq, sMq tyk isMG DnOlf qoN ielfvf hor pqvMqy vI hfËr sn.
mfn hmfieqIaF ny puils ƒ BfjVF pfeIaF
srihMd Pqih idvs dI qRYÈqfbdI ƒ smripq rfj pwDrI smfgm ivwc ÈRomxI kmytI qy pMjfb puils ƒ Aus smyN hwQF pYrF dI pY geI jdoN BfrqI jnqf pfrtI dy kOmI pRDfn iniqn gzkrI ƒ pRkfÈ isMG bfdl qy ÈRomxI kmytI vloN snmfinq krn mOky ÈRomxI akflI dl aMimRqsr dy lwgBg zyZ drjn kfrkuMnF ny gzkrI qy pMjfb srkfr ivruwD aqy Kfilsqfn pwKI nfary lfAuxy ÈurU kr idwqy. siQqI AuWqy kfbU pfAux leI ÈRomxI kmytI dI tfsk Pors aqy puils ƒ kfPI jdo jihd krnI peI pr ivKfvfkfrI lgfqfr kuJ smyN leI nfarybfËI krdy rhy. tfsk Pors aqy puils ny ivKfvfkfrIaF ƒ bVI jdo jihd krn qoN bfad smfgm vflI QF qoN bfhr kwiZaf.
iewQy dwsxXog hY ik ÈRomxI akflI dl aMimRqsr dy pRDfn ismrnjIq isMG mfn ny srkfr aqy ÈRomxI kmytI ƒ kuJ idn pihlF cyqfvnI idwqI sI jykr BfrqI jnqf pfrtI dy kOmI pRDfn iniqn gzkrI ies smfgm ivwc Èfml hoxgy qF Auh Aus dy ivroD ivwc ros pRdrÈn krngy, pr awj hoeI nfarybfjI ny pMjfb puils pRÈfÈn aqy KUPIaF eyjMsIaF dI kfrguËfrI AuWqy pRÈn icMn lgf idwqf hY. sUqrF qoN imlI jfxkfrI anusfr puils ƒ jfxkfrI imlI ik ÈRomxI akflI dl aMimRqsr dy pRDfn ismrnjIq isMG mfn smfgm ivwc Èfml hox leI jf rhy hn, ijnFH ƒ puils ny AunFH dy lwgBg 70 dy krIb sfQIaF ƒ puils ny igRPqfr kr ilaf. iewQy ieh vI dwsxXog hY ik 13 aqy 14 meI dI rfq ƒ puils ny AunFH dI rhfieÈ iklf hrnfm isMG ivKy ƒ Gyrf pf ilaf sI pRMqU surwiKaf eyjMsIaF dI AudoN PUk inkl geI jdoN ismrnjIq isMG mfn afpxy sfQIaF smyq smfgm vflI QF nyVy af phuMcy. jdoNik puils vfly AunFH dI rhfieÈ ƒ ies vkq vI Gyrf pfeI bYTy sn.
jdoN ieh sUcnf ijlHy dy puils muKI ƒ imlI ik ismrnjIq isMG mfn smfgm vflI QF `qy phuMc rhy qF puils muKI ny pYdl Aus sQfn Auqy phuMc ky mOkf sFB ilaf aqy ismrnjIq isMG mfn qy AunFH dy sfQIaF ƒ smfgm vflI QF qoN 200 gj dI dUrI `qy hI rok ilaf, pr ismrnjIq isMG mfn ÈFqI pUrvk ZMg nfl BwKdI sVk Aupr hI afpxy vrkrF smyq bYT gey aqy Drnf lgf idwqf. ies mOky pitaflf ryNj dy afeI jI aqy zI afeI jI BfrI Pors smyq Drny vflI QF `qy phuMc gey. Drny vflI jgfH Auqy mfn dl dy kfrkuMn pMjfbI ivwc Cpvfey ieÈiqhfr, ijnHF Auqy iliKaf hoieaf sI ''nf asIN ihMdU nf muslmfn sfzI mMiËl Kfilsqfn``, awgy iliKaf sI ik ''1710 ƒ pihlI afËfd iswK bfdÈfhI Kfilsqfn dI sQfpnf bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr, 1799 dUjI afËfd iswK bfdÈfhI Kfilsqfn dI kfiemI mhfrfjf rxjIq isMG, 1973 afËfd iswK rfj Kfilsqfn dI sQfpqI leI Xqn, kpUr isMG afeI sI aYs, 1984 aËfd iswK rfj Kfilsqfn leI Èhfdq sMq jrnYl isMG iBMzrFvfly.`` ieh ieÈiqhfr vwzy pwDr Auqy lokF ivwc vMzy jf rhy sn.
kuJ smyN bfad hI puils sR[ mfn ƒ sfQIaF smyq igRPqfr krky lY geI. igRPqfr kIqy gey ivakqIaF bfry jfxkfrI idMidaF akflI dl mfn dy isafsI skwqr iekbfl isMG itvfxf ny dwisaf ik KyVI nOD isMG dy Qfxy ivwc ismrnjIq isMG mfn qoN ielfvf BfeI iDafn isMG mMz, jskrn isMG, pRo: mihMdrpfl isMG, mfstr krnYl isMG nfrIky sfry jnrl skwqr, iekbfl isMG brIvflf qy guridafl isMG GwlUmfjrf afid dy nF Èfml hn.
iekwT kfÌI iPwkf irhf
bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr srihMd Pqih idvs dI qRYÈqfbdI smfgm ƒ kfmXfb krn leI ÈRomxI kmytI aqy pMjfb srkfr ny pUrf Ëor lgfieaf hoieaf sI aqy BfrI iekwT krn leI pUry pMjfb Br ivwcoN 1800 bwsF vwK-vwK iËilHaF dy zI tI EË rfhIN inwjI trFspotrF qoN kiQq qOr `qy zIËl dyx dI vgfr Auqy mMgvfeIaF geIaF sn. BfvyN ik PqihgVH sfihb ivKy ÈrDflUaF df bhuq vwzf iekwT dyKx ƒ imilaf pr ÈrDflUaF ny ÈRomxI kmytI vwloN krvfey gey rfj pwDrI smfgm ivwc jfx ƒ koeI qvjoN nhIN idwqI aqy Auh gurduafrf sRI PqihgVH sfihb qoN ielfvf hor gurduafiraF dy drÈn krn ivwc mÈrUP sn. ies smfgm ivwc iekwT kfPI iPwkf irhf qy pMzfl ivwc vI bhuq sfrI jgfH KflI peI rhI. smfgm ivwc phuMcy bhuq sfry lok grmI dy mfry suwqy pey idKfeI idwqy.
ÈrDflUaF dy iekwT krn leI vwK-vwK ÈihrF aqy ipMzF ivwc ByjIaF geIaF bwsF ƒ smfgm vflI QF `qy phuMcfAux leI puils ƒ ivÈyÈ hdfieqF kIqIaF hoeIaF sn ik ienHF bwsF ƒ smfgm vflI QF Auqy inrivGn phuMcfieaf jfvy, pr dUjy pfsy gurduafrf sRI PqihgVH sfihb ivKy nqmqsk ho ky bfbf bMdf isMG bhfdr ƒ ÈrDFjlI Byt krn vfly ÈrDflUaF dy vfhn puils pRÈfÈn ny lwgBg zyZ iklomItr ipwCy hI rok ley sn, ijs kfrn bwicaF, bËurgf aqy aOrqF ƒ kfPI pYNzf pYdl qYa krky gurduafrf sRI PqihgVH sfihb ivKy drÈn krny pey.
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