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kfmryz pI suMdrweIaf ƒ Xfd kridaF[[[ |
lihMbr isMG qwgV
sFJI kimAUinst pfrtI sIpIafeI dI jmfqI iBaflI dI swjI soDvfdI nIqI ivruwD bgfvq krky 1964 ivc ihMd kimAUinst pfrtI (mfrksvfdI) dI sQfpnf krn vfly dyÈ dy mhfn kimAUinst afgUaF ivcoN sB qoN isrmOr afgU aqy kuMjIvq rol adf krn vfly qy pfrtI dy pihly jnrl skwqr kfmryz pucflfplI suMdrweIaf df 100vF jnm vrHf (1 meI 2012 qoN 1 meI 2013 qwk) mnfAux df swdf pfrtI dI koËIkoz ivKy apRYl 2012 `c hoeI 20vIN pfrtI kFgrs ny idwqf hY. mYN ies pwK qoN vwzf KuÈiksmq qy suBfgf hF aqy gOrv mihsUs krdf hF ik pMjfb dI vrqmfn pIVHI dy afgUaF ivcoN mYƒ ies mhfnF `coN mhfn afgU dI iswDI rihnumfeI ivc 1969 qoN lY ky 1976 qwk pUry swq sfl AunHF dy nyVy rih ky kMm krn aqy pRBfvq hox df mOkf pRfpq irhf hY. 1969 aqy 1970 ivc stUzYNts PYzryÈn afÌ ieMzIaf (aYsaYPafeI) dI sQfpnf krn leI do iqafrI mIitMgF klkwqf ivKy hoeIaF. iesy mMqv leI 1970 ivc hI nyqf jI ngr skUl klkwqf ivKy dyÈ Br dy ividafrQI afgUaF df swq idn df skUl lwgf. 1970 dy aKIr ivc hI iqRvyNdrm (kyrlf) ivKy aYsaYPafeI dI pihlI sQfpnf kfnPrMs df AudGftn vI kfmryz pI suMdrweIaf ny hI kIqf. ies qoN bfad aYsaYPafeI dIaF sfrIaF kul ihMd mIitMgF ivc vI kfmryz suMdrweIaf hfËr rihMdy sn. ienHF sfiraF mOikaF `qy kfmryz ibmn bfsU, suBfÈ cwkrvrqI, ÈYmUal cwkrvrqI, sI Bfskrn, mfink srkfr, jnfrDn pqI, Audv brmn, pI mDU vrgy sfQI Èfml sn. 1973 ivc aYsaYPafeI dI dUsrI klkwqf kfnPrMs smyN qoN kfmryz pRkfÈ krq, sIqfrfm XycurI, aYm ey bybI qy aYn rfm vrgy sfQI vI aYsaYÌafeI nfl jQybMdk qOr `qy juV gey. 1974 ivc zIGf (pwCmI bMgfl) ivc kfmryz suMdrweIaf ny iPr swq idn df aYsaYPafeI df skUl lfieaf. ies qoN bfad vI 1976 qwk, jdoN qwk Auh pfrtI dy jnrl skwqr rhy, aYsaYPafeI dIaF sfrIaF kul ihMd mIitMgF ivc Auh sfrf smF hfËr rihMdy sn.
kfmryz pI aYs, ijvyN AunHF ƒ afm qOr `qy ikhf jFdf sI, dI isry dI kurbfnI, afdrÈk sfdI jIvn-ÈYlI, Bfrq dI kimAUinst lihr ƒ mhfn dyx, ivcfrDfrk spwÈtqf aqy pRpwkqf, jQybMdk smrwQf, amlF rfhIN pRBfvq krn dI lfimsfl Xogqf aqy hor anykF guxF nfl BrpUr AunHF dy lfsfnI jIvn bfry ilKxf BfvyN ies ilKq df AudyÈ nhIN hY, ikAuNik ienHF pwKF bfry keI ikqfbF, vwzy gRMQ aqy anykF afrtIkl ilKy jf cuwky hn, ilKy jf rhy hn aqy ilKy jFdy rihxgy, pr iPr vI ienHF hI pwKF ƒ rUpmfn krdy kuJ ku pRBfvF aqy kuJ nyiVEN vyKIaF GtnfvF df vrxn krFgf, jo AunHF ƒ iek asfDfrn kimAUinst afgU vjoN pRqIibMbq krdy hn.
kfmryz pI aYs df jnm BfvyN iek lYNzlfrz pirvfr ivc hoieaf, pr AunHF ny afpxf jgIrdfr ivroDI jIvn sMGrÈ cVHdI jvfnI ivc pYr Drn qoN vI pihlF lVkpx dI Aumr ivc afpxy ipMz qoN hI ipMz dy dilqF dy hwk ivc BuwK hVqfl krky ÈurU kIqf. 17 sfl dI Aumr ivc hI Auh afËfdI sMgrfm ivc Èfml ho gey aqy sfmrfjvfd ivroDI sMGrÈ ivc kuwd pey. Auh mhfqmf gFDI dI kFgrsI ivcfrDfrf qoN vI pRBfvq sn aqy sovIaq ienklfb dy pRBfv aDIn smfjvfdI ivcfrDfrf qoN vI. 1930ivaF dy afrMB ivc dwKxI Bfrq ivc kimAUinst lihr jQybMd krn dy AudyÈ nfl pMjfb qoN gey kimAUinst afgU kfmryz amIr hYdr Kfn nfl mIitMgF qy ivcfr-vtFdrf krn qoN bfad Auh pwky kimAUinst bx gey. AunHF ny dwKxI Bfrq ivc kimAUinst pfrtI ƒ jQybMd krn dI iËMmyvfrI afpxy moiZaF `qy lY leI aqy AunHF dI pRyrnf sdkf hI kfmryz eI aYm aYs nMbUdrIpfd, kfmryz pI ikRÈnf ipwly aqy kfmryz ey ky gopfln vrgy mhfn afgU kimAUinst pfrtI ivc Èfml hoey. ieh kihx ivc koeI awqkQnI nhIN hovygI ik kfmryz suMdrweIaf dwKxI Bfrq (awj dy aFDrf pRdyÈ, qfimlnfzU, kyrlf aqy krnftkf) ivc kimAUinst pfrtI dy jnmdfqf jF moZI afgU sn. Bfrq dy sB qoN mhfn, gOrvmeI, Èfnfmwqy hiQafrbMd aqy jnqk sMGrÈ mhfn iqlMgfnf sMGrÈ dy Auh isrmOr isrjk, jQybMdk, pRyrnf sroq aqy sB qoN vwzy afgU sn. AunHF dI agvfeI hyT cfr hËfr qoN vwD iksfn XoiDaF ny hws-hws ky ÈhIdIaF pRfpq kIqIaF. ies sMGrÈ dy nqIjy vjoN hI 1952 dIaF pihlIaF pfrlImYNt coxF dOrfn kimAUinst pfrtI ny 29 lok sBf sItF ijwqIaF, ijnHF ivcoN 17 aFDrf aqy iqlMgfnf ivcoN sn. kimAUinst pfrtI kFgrs qoN bfad dyÈ dI dUsry nMbr dI pfrtI vjoN AuBrI. kfmryz pI suMdrweIaf BfvyN rfj sBf dy mYNbr bxy, pr AunHF ƒ lok sBf aqy rfj sBf dy sFJy kimAUinst sMsdI dl df afgU cuixaf igaf. ies pRkfr kwlH df gurIlf afgU Bfrq dI pihlI pfrlImYNt ivc kimAUinst sMsdI dl df afgU bx igaf. soDvfd nfloN inKyVf krky sIpIafeI (aYm) dI sQfpnf krn ivc kfmryz suMdrweIaf vwloN inBfieaf igaf kuMjIvq rol qF dyÈ dI kimAUinst lihr dy ieiqhfs ivc sunihrI awKrF ivc Aukiraf hI hoieaf hY.
kfmryz pI suMdrweIaf df afdrÈk sfdf jIvn kfmryzF vfsqy iek vwzf pRyrnfmeI sI. AunHF dI sfdgI kyvl idKfvy dI sfdgI nhIN sI, blik sfdgI AunHF dI ÈurU qoN lY ky aMq qwk jIvn-ÈYlI sI, ijAUx df ZMg sI. iesy sfdf jIvn-ÈYlI krky hI ihMdosqfn dy sfry rfjsI KyqrF ivc AunHF ƒ ''kimAUinst gFDI`` aqy ''kimAUinst irÈI`` dy qOr `qy siqkfiraf jFdf sI. AunHF dI mOq dy mOky `qy kfmryz jgjIq isMG afnMd ny AunHF bfry ''nvF Ëmfnf`` ivcy ilKy iek ÈrDFjlI lyK ivc iek Gtnf df iËkr kIqf sI ik iksy ny mhfqmf gFDI ƒ puwiCaf ik ''qusIN sfdgI dI bhuq gwl krdy ho, kI quhfzy sfbrmqI afÈrm ivc koeI ivakqI kfmryz pI suMdrweIaf vrgI sfdgI vflf hY? qF mhfqmf gFDI ny AuWqr idwqf sI ik nhIN, kfmryz suMdrweIaf vrgf sfdf ivakqI sfzy afÈrm ivc koeI nhIN hY.``
kfmryz pI suMdrweIaf afpxy afrMBk rfjnIqk jIvn dOrfn Kwdr dy kwpVy pihndy sn aqy roË crKf vI kwqdy sn. hiQafrbMd iqlMgfnf sMGrÈ dOrfn Auh iek gurIlf afgU vflI POjI vrdI pfAuNdy sn. 1952 ivc pfrtI qoN pfbMdI ht jfx qoN bfad Auh sfrf jIvn iek moty ijhy kwpVy dy do-iqMn kmIË-pjfmy islvf lYNdy sn, AunHF ƒ hr roË afpxy hwQIN Do ky pihndy sn aqy jdoN Auh kwpVy Gs ky Pt jFdy sn qF hor islvf lYNdy sn. keI vfr jykr AunHF df kmIË jF pjfmf Gsx qoN pihlF iksy kfrn Pt jFdf qF tfkI vI luaf lYNdy sn. tfkI lwgy kwpVy AunHF dy pihny hoey mYN keI vfr afp awKIN vyKy hn.
mYN AunHF dIaF ijMnIaF vI mIitMgF, skUlF jF kfnPrMsF ivc Èfml hoieaf, ijnHF dI igxqI do drjn qoN vI vwD ho skdI hY, AunHF ƒ hr mOky `qy ienHF ivc Èfml sfry sfQIaF nfl lfeIn ivc bYT ky Kfxf KFØidaF hI vyiKaf hY. Auh kdy vI iksy ƒ afpxy leI Aucyc jF ivÈyÈ krn dI afigaf nhIN idMdy sn. jykr kdy iksy ny AunHF leI koeI Aucyc jF ivÈyÈ kr ilaf hovy qF Auh nf kyvl ies ƒ mnHf hI kr idMdy sn, blik aijhf krn vfilaF dI Auh Gwto-Gwt awDf GMtf klfs lfAuNdy sn ik AunHF ny jo kIqf hY, Auh glq hY. Auh smJfAuNdy sn ik afgUaF pRqI Aucycqf jF ivÈyÈqf kimAUinst klcr df ihwsf nhIN hY, hF jykr koeI Éfs ËrUrq hovy qF aijhf kuJ kIqf jf skdf hY. iek vfr aYmrjYNsI dy smyN dOrfn iksy kfmryz dy Gr nvIN idwlI ivKy aYsaYPafeI dI iek kul ihMd gupq mIitMg ho rhI sI. iek kfmryz ny cfh ivc QoVHf hor imwTf pfAux leI Gr vfilaF qoN KMz mMg leI. KMz kI mMgI, sfrI mIitMg dI awDy GMty leI iesy ivÈy `qy klfs lwgI ik jo imldf hY, Aus nfl hI sfiraf jfvy, kdy iksy vfDU cIË dI mMg nf kro.
iek kul ihMd mIitMg dOrfn mYN mogf aYjItYÈn bfry iek svfl puwC ilaf. bws iPr kI sI? kfmryz pI aYs ny mYƒ smJfAuxf ÈurU kIqf. mYN qF iek-do imMt ivc hI smJ igaf. mYN khF, ''kfmryz jI, TIk hY mYN smJ igaf hF.`` pr sfrI mIitMg ivc pUrf awDf GMtf AunHF ny mYƒ smJfieaf. asl ivc ieh AunHF df stfeIl sI. hr msly, hr svfl aqy hr ÈMkf ƒ Auh sfry hI pwKF qoN ieMnI bfrIkI aqy ivsQfr nfl spwÈt krdy sn ik iksy vI qrHF dI ÈMkf dI koeI guMjfieÈ hI nf rhy aqy mIitMg ivc Èfml sfry sfQI Aus nukqy ƒ pwky qOr `qy idmfg ivc ibTf lYx. AunHF dy smJfey hoey anykF nukqy awj vI bhuq sfry kfmryzF dy mnF ivc vsy hoey hn. (cldf)
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