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| sUÌIaF df ÈwqfrI sMpRdfie |
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zf[ nryÈ
sUÌIaF dy cfr pRmuwK sMpRdfieaf bfry lok jfxdy hn. ieh hn- icÈqI, kfidrI, suhrvrdI aqy nkÈbMdI. pr aijhy keI sMpRdfie vI hn, ijnHF bfry lokF ƒ jfxkfrI pRfpq nhIN hY jF bhuq Gwt jfxkfrI pRfpq hY. afpxy ies kflm ivc mYN pfTkF dI jfx-pCfx ienHF sMpRdfieaF nfl krfAux df Xqn krFgf.
ÈwqfrI sMpRdfie df AudY iek suqMqr sMpRdfie dy qOr `qy nhIN hoieaf sI sgoN ibsqfmI sMpRdfie dI BfrqI ÈfÉ ƒ ieh nF pRfpq hoieaf sI. ies sMpRdfie dI afDfrBUmI ibsqfmI sMpRdfie dy moZI abU XËId ibsqfmI dI aiDafqm sfDnf hI hY. ibÈqfmI sMpRdfie dy pRmuwK pRcfrk abU XËId-al-ieÈkI ny tRFs-aOkisafnf ivc iesdf ÉUb pRcfr kIqf qy AuQy ieh sMpRdfie 'ieÈkIaf` sMpRdfie dy nF qoN jfixaf igaf. eIrfn, jfvf, sumfqRf afid dyÈF ivc ies df nF ibsqfmI sMpRdfie hI irhf. Bfrq ivc ieh Èfh abduwlf Èwqfr dy nF qoN ÈwqfrI sMpRdfie dy nF nfl jfixaf igaf.
Èfh abduwlf Èwqfr buÉfrf dy rihx vfly sn. AuQy hI AunHF ƒ ÈyÉ muhMmd afirÌ ny ibsqfmI (ieÈkIaf) sMpRdfie ivc dIiKaq kIqf. keI sUÌI kyNdrF dI Xfqrf krky sUÌI sMqF df siqsMg pRfpq krn dy AudyÈ nfl AunHF nIÈfpur, ierfk aqy afiejrbfeIËfn dI sYr kIqI. afeIËrbfeIËfn qoN Auh Bfrq af gey. ieh Gtnf 15vIN sdI dy muwZly dhfikaF dI hY.
Èfh abduwlf ny Bfrq ivc hI nhIN sgoN Bfrq qoN bfhr vI ies sMpRdfie ƒ lokipRX bxfAux df Xqn kIqf. ijwQy iek pfsy Bfrq ivc ieh sMpRdfie rfjsQfn, gujrfq, bMgfl aqy mwD pRdyÈ ivc ÉUb PYilaf, AuQy dUjy pfsy mlfieaf aqy ieMzonyÈIaf ivc vI ies df vfhvf pRcfr hoieaf. Èfh abduwlf dI pusqk 'lqfXÌy-ÊYbIaF` hI ies sMpRdfie dy sUÌIaF dI mfrg-drÈk bxI. AunHF df surgvfs sMn 1495 ivc mFzU ivKy hoieaf.
ÈwqfrI sMpRdfie ƒ bMgfl ivc pRcfrn df ishrf Èfh abduwlf dy iÈÈ aqy ÉlIÌf ÈyÉ muhMmd aflf dy isr bwJdf hY. Aus qoN mgroN bMgfl ivc ies sMpRdfie dI vfgzor Ausdy iÈÈ hfjI ËuhUr bfbf ny kuÈlqf nfl sFBI qy iesdI cVHq kfiem rwKI. Auqr pRdyÈ ivc ies sMpRdfie df pRcfr Èfh hurF dy iek hor iÈÈ aqy ÉlIÌf hfiÌË jOnpurI dI imhnq df Ìl sI. ÈyK buwDn ÈwqfrI ÈyÉ hfiÌË dy hI ÉlIPf sn, jo aÉIr pfnIpq af vsy sn. pfnIpq rihMidaF hI AunHF dI jIvn-lIlHf smfpq hoeI. AunHF dy iÈÈF ivcoN ÈyÉ vlI ÈwqfrI aqy ÈyÉ bhfAudIn afpxy smyN dy pRiswD sUÌI sMq hoey hn.
ÈwqfrI sMpRdfie ivc sfDkF dIaF iqMn kotIaF hn. pihlI ''aÉXfr`` arQfq Dfrimk ivrqI vfly sfDk, dUjI ''aihrfr`` arQfq pivwqr afqmf vfly sfDk aqy qIjI ''Èwqfr`` arQfq qyË kdmF nfl aiDafqm dI mMiËl vwl vD rhy sfDk. ÈwqfrIaF dI sfDnf ivc pÈcfqfp, sMsfr qoN Auprfmqf, pRBU ivc pUrn inÈTf, sMqoK, iekFqvfs, iDafn, DIrj, iewCf-inroD, nfm ismrn aqy pRBU `qy iDafn-kyNdirqf nfmIN 10 inXmF dI pflxf kIqI jFdI hY.
16vIN sdI dy pihly awD ivc ÈyK PUl aqy Ausdy Coty Brf ÈyÉ muhMmd gOs ƒ ÈwqfrI sUÌIaF dy qOr `qy bVI pRiswDI pRfpq hoeI. ÈyÉ ÊOs df puwqr ÈyK buwD abduwlf BfvyN lgBg 40 vrHy akbr dI POj ivc irhf, pr AusdI sfDnf inrMqr cwldI rhI. jhFgIr dy qÉq nÈIn hox `qy Auh gvflIar af igaf, ijwQy Ausny afpxy ipqf ÈyÉ gOs dy mkbry dy lfgy afpxI Éfnkfh sQfpq krky gvflIar ƒ ÈwqfrI gqIivDIaF df pRmuwK kyNdr bxf idwqf.
mFzU qoN ielfvf hflFik gvflIar ÈwqfrI sUÌIaF df vwzf gVH bixaf pr Bfrq dy hornF ÈihrF ivc vI ies sMpRdfie dIaF gqIivDIaF ÉUb cwlIaF. ÈyÉ gOs dy jyTy puwqr ÈyÉ nUruwdIn ijlfAulf ny afgrf ivKy, Ausdy Coty Brf ÈyÉ AuvYs ny aihmdfbfd ivKy, hfjI sYXd musqÌf ny mfnkpur ivKy, ÈyÉ mwKU ny ËYnfbfd ivKy aqy ÈyÉ sfidk ny bVOdf ivKy afpo-afpxIaF drgfhF kfiem krky ies sMpRdfie dI cVHq bxfAux ivc BrvF Xogdfn pfieaf. gujrfq ivKy lMmy smyN qwk ies sMpRdfie df bolbflf irhf. 17vIN sdI ivc ieh sMpRdfie gujrfq, mflvf aqy bMgfl ivc dUr-dUr qwk PYilaf aqy ies ƒ adBuwq lokipRXqf pRfpq hoeI.
kuJ buwD Drm bfry
29 virHaF dI Aumr ivc iswDfrQ nF df rfjkumfr kiplvsqU df aYÈo-afrfm iqafg ky aqy pqnI XÈoDrf qy puwqr rfhul ƒ suwiqaF Cwz ky swq vrHy igafn dI qlfÈ ivc Btkdf irhf aqy aÉIr gXf ivKy iek ipwpl hyTF bYTy ƒ ielfhI nUr lwB ipaf. igafn dy ies pRkfÈ ƒ Ausny pihlI vfrI sfrnfQ ivKy lokF nfl sFiJaF kIqf aqy iPr bfkI dI sfrI Aumr iesy pRkfÈ ƒ QF-QF vMzdf irhf. Ausdf igafn cfr swcfeIaF Aupr afDfirq sI. pihlI ieh ik jIvn duwKF df Gr hY. dUjI, iewCfvF duwKF df kfrn hn. qIjI, iewCfvF dy iqafg rfhIN hI duwKF qoN Cutkfrf pfieaf jf skdf hY aqy cOQI ieh ik mukqI leI sMsfirk moh-mfieaf aqy sMsfr qoN Auprfmqf dy ivckfr df rfh hI siq-mfrg hY. iesy mfrg ƒ Ausny aÈtFg mfrg dy qOr `qy pyÈ kIqf.
buwD dy inrvfx mgroN vI Ausdf pRkfÈ lukfxI dy idlF ƒ roÈn krdf irhf. BfrqI smfj dy dby-kucly vrgF ny ies igafn ƒ ihwk nfl lfieaf. mgD, koÈflf, kOsMBI ijhy rfjF ny iesƒ isr-mwQy pRvfn kIqf aqy 15 sdIaF qwk ieh Drm Bfrq ivc hI nhIN sgoN mwD eyÈIaf, cIn, jfpfn, sRIlMkf, brmf afid dyÈF ivc vI BrpUr cVHq mfxdf irhf.
12vIN sdI eIsvI ivc Bfrq ivc ies Drm df Auqfr ÈurU hoieaf. boD-ivhfr mMdrF-mwTF vFg mfieaf jfl ivc af Psy aqy krm kFz pRDfn huMdf clf igaf. 14 akqUbr, 1956 ƒ dilqF dy msIhf zf[ BIm rfE aMbyzkr ny nfgpur ivKy buwD Drm ivc dIiKaf leI qF Ausdy pMj lwK anuXfeI vI boDI bx gey. 1951 ivc Bfrq ivc boDIaF dI igxqI 1,81,000 sI jo 1961 ivc vD ky 32,50,000 ho geI sI. |
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