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| jwjF ƒ svY-sMjm qoN kMm lYx dI loV |
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mfrkMzy kftjU
ieh gwl pRqwK hY ik pfiksqfn dI suprIm kort isafsI nyqfvF nfl tkrfa dy Kqrnfk rfh `qy pY geI hY, ijs dy ies dyÈ leI qbfhkuMn nqIjy hI inkl skdy hn. hfl hI `c muwK jwj ny ikhf ik sMivDfn srvAuc hY, nf ik sMsd. gMBIr smwisaf, ijs df adflqF aksr sfhmxf krdIaF hn, Auh ieh hY ik iek pfsy sMivDfn dyÈ df srvAuc kfƒn hY qy dUjy pfsy sMivDfn dI ivafiKaf krn dy bhfny adflqF ƒ ivDfnpfilkf nfl tkrfa nhIN shyVnf cfhIdf, Kfskr ies leI ikAuNik ivDfnpfilkf lokF dy jmhUrI ZMg nfl cuxy hoey numfieMidaF dI huMdI hY. ies smwisaf df hwl mÈhUr lyK \'d ErIjn aYNz skop afP d amYrIkn zfktrfien afP kfnsIitAUÈnl lfa` `c idwqf igaf sI. ieh lyK 1893 `c hfvrz lfa irivAU `c Cipaf sI. lyKk jymË bRYzly Qfiear ny ies lyK `c inaFiek sMjm dy isDFq bfry ivsQfr nfl iliKaf sI. amrIkf dy keI jwj ies lyKk dy isDFq dy hmfieqI sn. jsits PrYNkPrtr ny jymË ƒ sMivDfnk kfƒn df vwzf mfihr afiKaf sI. Aus ny ikhf sI ik jy mYƒ amrIkI sMivDfnk kfƒn bfry iksy iek ilKq df nF lYxf pvy qF mYN Qfiear dy lyK df nF lvFgf ikAuNik ieh lyK jwjF leI vwzI syD hY. adflq kol inÈcy hI sMivDfnk msilaF bfry PYslf krn df aiDkfr hY. pr ijvyN jsits PrYNkPrtr ny ikhf sI ik ieh aiDkfr jmhUrI pRikRaf dI smuwcI Kyz ƒ rok skdf hY, ies leI ËrUrI hY ik ies dI vrqoN BfrI svY-sMjm nfl kIqI jfvy.
inaFiek sMjm dy isDFq df ipClf PlsPf ieh hY ik sMivDfn aDIn qfkqF dI ivÈfl alihdgI huMdI hY aqy rfj dy iqMn aMgF-ivDfnpfilkf, kfrjpfilkf aqy inaFpfilkf-ƒ iek-dUjy df siqkfr krnf hI cfhIdf hY aqy iek-dUjy dy Kyqr `c dKl nhIN dyxf cfhIdf. jy ieMJ nhIN huMdf hY qF pRbMD cMgI qrHF kMm nhIN kr skdf aqy inaFpfilkf ƒ smJxf hI pYxf hY ik ivDfnpfilkf jmhUrI ZMg nfl cuxI hoeI sMsQf hY, ijhVI lokF dIaF KfihÈF ƒ pRgt krdI hY (pr aDUry ZMg nfl) aqy jmhUrIaq ivc ienHF KfihÈF `qy rok nhIN lfAuxI cfhIdI. ies qoN ielfvf, ijvyN pRoPYsr Qfiear ny ikhf, juzIÈIal aYktIivËm ( inaFpfilkf dI ivDfnpfilkf qy kfrjpfilkf `c srgrm ihwsydfrI jF dKl) lokF ƒ Aus isafsI qËrby qy nYiqk iswiKaf aqy hwlfÈyrI qoN vFiJaF krdI hY ijhVy smwisafvF nfl afm ZMg nfl lVn qy, afpxIaF glqIaF suDfrn nfl imldy hn. afisP hfimd bnfm jMmU kÈmIr styt dy kys `c BfrqI suprIm kort ny ikhf sI- BfvyN qfkqF dI alihdgI dy isDFq ƒ ies dI mukMml idRVqf `c sMivDfn hyT mfnqf nhIN idwqI geI, pr sMivDfn GfiVaF ny rfj dy vwK-vwK aMgF dy kMmF ƒ bVI hI sfvDfnI nfl pirBfÈq kIqf hY. ivDfnpfilkf, kfrjpfilkf aqy inaFpfilkf ƒ sMivDfn muqfbk afpxI hwd `c rih ky kMm krnf huMdf hY. koeI vI aMg iksy dUjy dy kMm ƒ hVwp nhIN skdf. suprIm kort leI do kfrnF krky inaFiek sMjm aihmIaq rwKdf hY. pihlf ieh hY ik rfj dy iqMn aMgF ivcoN isrP iek aMg XfnI inaFpfilkf kol qmfm iqMnoN aMgF dy aiDkfr Kyqr dI hwd aYlfnx df aiDkfr hY. so inaFpfilkf ƒ ies vwzI qfkq dI byhwd inmrqf aqy svY-sMjm nfl hI vrqoN krnI cfhIdI hY. dUjf kfrn ieh hY ik hyTlIaF adflqF dIaF glqIaF ƒ AuprlIaF adflqF TIk kr skdIaF hn, pr ienHF glqIaF ƒ TIk krn leI suprIm kort qoN Aupr koeI nhIN. kuJ lok ieh kihky juzIÈIal aYktIivËm ƒ shI TihrfAuNdy hn ik ivDfnpfilkf aqy kfrjpfilkf afpxy kMm TIk qrHF nfl nhIN kr rhy. ies dlIl df jvfb ieh hY ik ieho doÈ aksr hI inaFpfilkf `qy lwgdf hY, qF iPr ivDfnpfilkf jF kfrjpfilkf ƒ inaFiek kMm afpxy hwQ `c lY lYxy cfhIdy hn. jy ivDfnpfilkf jF kfrjpfilkf afpxy kMm TIk ZMg nfl nhIN krdy qF ieh lok hn, ijhVy vot df afpxf aiDkfr cMgI qrHF vrqky jF ÈFqmeI aqy kfƒnI jnqk bYTkF aqy pRdrÈnF rfhIN jF mIzIaf rfhIN jnqk aflocnf krky jF hor kfƒnI ZMgF rfhIN AunHF ƒ TIk kr skdy hn. smwisaf df hwl ies gwl `c nhIN ik inaFpfilkf ieh kMm afpxy hwQ lY lvy ikAuNik inaFpfilkf kol ieh kMm krn leI nf qF muhfrq hY qy nf hI sfDn. mYN iewQy vflys mYNzylsn dy lyK df hvflf dyvFgf. Auh kihMdf sI ik jykr inaFiek inmrqf vflf Qfier isDFq purfxf ho igaf hY, jykr adflqI dKl hI inXm hY qF kuJ buinafdI msly kfiem hn. pihlf ieh hY ik jwjF dI srkfr ikMnI ku vfjb jF kfƒnI hY? kI koeI cIË AunHF dI phuMc qoN bfhr hY? dUjf mslf ieh hY ik jykr suprIm kort ny hI jvfbdyhI qoN ibnF kfƒn bxfAux vflI sMsQf hoxf hY qF kwcI qfkq dy nuksfndyh asr qoN ikvyN bicaf jfvygf? kI adflq AunHF AumIdF `qy Krf Auqr skdI hY ijhVIaF ies ny Kud jgfeIaF hn? kI ds-bfrF jwj lokF dy jIvn dy hryk pVfa dIaF guMJlF ƒ smJ skdy hn? kI adflqF aijhy Bfr cuwkx leI sMsQfgq qOr `qy smrwQ hn? qIjf ieh ik inaFiek srgrmI vflf ieh pRbMD iks iksm dy nfgirk pYdf krygf. aijhf pRbMD ijhVf sfƒ apxI smwisafvF leI afpxy vwl nhIN sgoN reIs vrg dy sB qoN reIsF XfnI jwjF vwl dyKx leI iqafr krdf hY, ijhVy ibnF iksy isafsI jF inaFiek jvfbdyhI dy sfzIaF iËMdgIaF clf rhy hn? inÈcy hI ieh nf qF jmhUrIaq hY qy nf hI kfƒn df rfj. BfrqI suprIm kort ny 2006 vfly iksy aihm kys sbMDI ikhf sI- jwjF ƒ afpxIaF hwdF jfxn dI loV hY. AunHF ƒ srkfr ƒ clfAux dI koiÈÈ nhIN krnI cfhIdI. jwjF ƒ inmrqf nfl kMm krnf cfhIdf hY, nf ik bfdÈfhF vFg.
jykr inaFpfilkf sMjm qoN kMm nhIN lvygI aqy afpxIaF hwdF twpygI qF aijhf pRqIkrm sfhmxy afvygf ijhVf inaFpfilkf, ies dI afËfdI aqy smfj `c ies dI kdr leI byhwd nuksfndyh ho skdf hY. myrI rfey ieh nhIN ik jwj ƒ kdy vI kfrkun nhIN bxnf cfhIdf, sgoN kfrkun vflI BUimkf asfDfrn aqy durlwB mfmilaF `c hI inBfAuxI cfhIdI hY aqy afm qOr `qy jwjF ƒ svY-sMjm qoN kMm lYxf cfhIdf hY. jsits PrYNkPrtr ny ikhf sI ik adflqF numfieMdf sMsQfvF nhIN huMdIaF. ieiqhfs isKfAuNdf hY ik inaFpfilkf dI afËfdI AudoN Kqry `c pY jFdI hY jd adflqF smyN dy jËbfq `c Ps jFdIaF hn aqy mukfblf kr rhy isafsI, afriQk aqy smfijk dbfa `coN iksy iek ƒ cuxn ƒ hI afpxI muwZlI iËMmyvfrI mMn bYTdIaF hn. pfiksqfn dI suprIm kort ƒ akl dIaF ienHF gwlF vwl iDafn dyx dI slfh hY, bywÈwk hux dyr ho geI hY.
lokF dy chyqy qoN isafsI afgU df sÌr
ijMdrjIq
iËlHf Xojnf borz dy cyarmYn df ahudf koeI Cotf ahudf nhIN huMdf. keI Coty-vwzy lIzr ies ahudy leI keI-keI sfl hfVHy kwZdy rihMdy hn. keIaF df dfa lwg jFdf hY qy keI kOVf Guwt Br ky dubfrf dfa-pyc Kyzx ƒ iqafr ho jFdy hn, pr hrBjn mfn vrgy tfvyN hI huMdy hn, ijnHF ƒ ibnF zwkf dUhrf ikiqaF ieh ahudf nsIb ho jFdf hY. hfVHy kwZx dI gwl qF dUr rhI, Auh qF cyarmYnI imlx dI Ébr suxn leI pMjfb `c vI mOjUd nhIN sI. AudoN Auh torFto `c aKfVy lfAux `c msq sI jd hfry hoey sYnfpqI blvMq isMG rfmUvflIaf `qy loVoN vwD inhfl hoeI peI srkfr ny Aus ƒ cyarmYn bxfAux df aYlfn kr idqf qy muhflI dy cMd ku Coty-moty akflI lIzrF ny Aus dI gYrhfËrI `c lwzU vMzx dI muihMm CyV idwqI. klfkfr qoN lgBg akflI nyqf bx igaf hrBjn mfn hux afm isafsI lIzrF vFg vwzy-vwzy dmgjy mfrn lwg ipaf hY ik muhflI ƒ dunIaf df KUbsUrq Èihr bxf idaFgf, afh kr idaFgf, Eh kr idaFgf. Aus dy mUMhoN inkldIaF ieh sfrIaF gwlF JUTIaF ijhIaF pRqIq huMdIaF hn. ieho ijhy ibafn pihly cyarmYn dy vI mUMhoN suxn ƒ imldy sn, pr awj qwk muhflI df bhuqf kuJ nhIN sMviraf ijMnf AunHF ibafnF muqfbk sMvrnf cfhIdf sI.
ikMnI ajIb gwl hY ik ijhVf bMdf awj qwk gf-vjf ky afpxf Gr Brn `c ruwJf irhf, ijs df ÈihrI XojnfbMdI nfl Aukf hI vfh nhIN irhf qy ijs dI smfj ƒ koeI iËkrXog dyx nhIN, Auh awj izptI kimÈnr dy nfl bYTf Èihr dy ivkfs dIaF gwlF kr irhf hY. kI aijhf klfkfr gfAux-vjfAux dy afpxy BfrI ruJyivaF `coN smfj leI gMBIrqf nfl kMm krn leI smF kwZ skygf?
awj qwk keI klfkfr isafsqdfn bxy hn. irkfrz hY ik ieh klfkfr Jwt isafsI lIzrF dy rMg `c rMgy jFdy hn. vwzy-vwzy dmgjy mfrdy hn, pr krdy krfAuNdy kwK nhIN. DrimMdr qy goivMdy vrgy, sMsd `c qF kI, afpxy hlky dy lokF dy duwK suxn vI nhIN sn bhuVdy ikAuNik AunHF ƒ iPlmF qoN not vwZx dI vyhl hI nhIN sI. aijhy klfkfrF ƒ cfhy ijMny mrËI isafsI ahudy dy idqy jfx, AunHF df bhuqf iDafn klfkfrI rfhIN pYsy bxfAux `qy lwigaf rihMdf hY, nf ik smfj syvf `qy ijs dI AunHF ƒ iËMmyvfrI idwqI jFdI hY. akflIaF dI sUJ-bUJ `qy hfsf hI afAuNdf hY ik AunHF ƒ muhflI `c kFgrs df mukfblf krn leI aijhf ÈKs imilaf hY, ijs dI pfrtI qy smfj ƒ koeI dyx nhIN qy ijs dI klfkfrI vflI mkbUlIaq vI coxF `c akflI AumIdvfr qy Aus dy krIbI irÈqydfr ƒ ijqf nf skI. muhflI dy do-iqMn akflI afgU, ijhVy ies ahudy dy hwkdfr jfpdy sn, vI bfdl sfihb dy zroN afpxf mUMh nhIN Kol sky. KYr hrBjn mfn ƒ vI lok hux akflI nyqf vjoN dyKxgy, nf ik klfkfr vjoN qy isafsI nyqfvF ƒ BfrqI lok ikhVIaF nËrF nfl vyKdy hn, ieh dwsx dI loV nhIN. byhqr huMdf jy Auh bqOr klfkfr hI lokF dy idlF `c afpxI vDIaf QF bxfeI rwKdf. jy hux isafsI nyqf bx hI igaf hY qF kuJ krky vI idKfvy, ijs nfl Auh lokF `c hor hrmnipafrf bxy. |
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kfilaF vfly KUh dy ÈhIdF ƒ Xfd kridaF
BuipMdr isMG sMDU
sfzy dyÈ Bfrq ivc ËrvfixaF dy rfj smyN iewQoN dy grIb qy imhnqI lokF nfl bhuq ainaF hoieaf. AunHF ƒ BfrI qsIhy Jwlxy pey, pirvfrF smyq kurbfnIaF krnIaF peIaF aqy GroN-by-Gr hoxf ipaf. Bfrq ivc agryËF dI kMpnI qy ipwCoN AunHF dI iswDI aDIngI dy smyN vI bVy kiTn sn. BfrqI lokF vwloN kMpnI rfj dy smUihk ivroD vfly sfl 1857 dI gwl hY, jdoN lokF ny srkfr dy smuwcy pRbMD dy nwk ivc dm kr idwqf sI qy Éud vI BfrI jfnI qy mflI nuksfn AuTfieaf sI. ieMj ieh sfl iek ieiqhfsk sfl vjoN sFiBaf ipaf hY. kMpnI dy pRbMD df ihwsf qy lok ivroD ƒ nyVy qoN dyK irhf Qfms lovo ilKdf hY ik gF mfrn vfly, gF pUjx vfly, sUr mfrn vfly, sUr qoN nÌrq krn vfly lfielfh muhMmd rsUl dIaF afjfnF dyx vfly aqy bRhm dy rhws bfry mUMh ivc gwlF krn vfly sB ny rl ky kMpnI rfj ivruwD ivdroh kIqf, jo BfrqI smfj dI lfimsfl Gtnf sI. ijs nfl ieh bÊfvq iek rfÈtrI ivdroh bx geI sI. 1857 `c jdoN pUry Bfrq ivc lokF ny Ëordfr ivdroh kIqf qF BfrqI lokF dy POjI spuwqrF ny aMgryË POj ivc dysIaF nfl burf ivvhfr krn ivruwD qy afpxy lokF df sfQ dyx leI ivdroh kIqf. pMjfb ivc ijwQy lfhOr, mulqfn, aMbflf, isaflkot, idwlI afid ivKy ivdroh hoey, AuQy lfhOr dI sfeIN mIaF mIr CfAuxI ivcoN ivdroh krn vfly sYinkF nfl, rfvI dy kMZy qy aMimRqsr iËlHy dy ksbf ajnflf ivKy jo vfpiraf, Aus ƒ pVH-sux ky hI rONgty KVHy ho jFdy hn. pr ijnHF ny ieh drd, qsIhf afpxy ipMzy `qy hMZfieaf hovygf, AunHF leI Auh pl ikMny duKdfeI hoxgy.
31 julfeI qy pihlI agsq 1857 dy idn vfpry ies drd ivMny sfky ivc 26 nMbr lfeIt ienPYNtrI ivc do aMgryË aPsrF dy kql bdly 24 GMitaF `c 650 qoN iËafdf BfrqI sYinkF ƒ burI qrHF kql kr idwqf igaf. ieh bhfdr BfrqI spUq dyÈ dy hornF BfgF ivc hoey sYink gdr ivc Èfml ispfhIaF nfl moZf joVn leI lfhOr qoN rfvI diraf dy kMZy-kMZy inkl qury, Aus smyN kuJ BfrqI JolI cuwk ÊdfrF ny muKbrI krky, ienHF ƒ ajnflf qoN kuJ mIl dUur diraf dy pwqx `qy Gyr ilaf igaf. BuwKx-Bfxy qy lgfqfr pYdl Xfqrf krn krky byhfl POjI sYinkF ƒ PVn leI Aus smyN dy iËlHf aMimRqsr dy izptI kimÈnr PrYzirk kUpr ny bhuq krUrqf nfl aMnHyvfh golIaF clfAux df hukm idwqf. ijs dy iswty vjoN afpxI igRPqfrI df ivroD kr rhy zyZ sO qoN iËafdf sYink golIaF df iÈkfr ho ky diraf rfvI dI Byt cVH gey, jo brsfqF dy mOsm ivc TfTF mfrdf vg irhf sI. ies ipwCoN 282 hor sYinkF ƒ igRPqfr krky, rwisaF nfl nUV ky ajnflf ivKy lY aFdf igaf, ijnHF ƒ Qfxf ajnflf qy kol bxI qihsIl dI vwzI iemfrq, jo aMgryËF ƒ mflIaf nf dyx vfly iksfnF ƒ igRPqfr krky rwKx leI bxfeI geI sI, ivc kYd kr idwqf igaf. ies iemfrq dy drvfËy qy iKVkIaF ƒ bMd krky ivwQF ƒ imwtI nfl bMd kr idwqf, ijs dy iswty vjoN BuwKx Bfxy ieh sYink burI qrHF pfxI ibnF ivlkdy rhy, BfvyN ik bfhr burI qrHF mINh pY irhf sI.
aglI svyr bkrId vfly idn ipMz ajnflf qy afspfs muinafdI krvfeI geI qy lokF ƒ Qfxf ajnflf iekwTy kIqf igaf. afpxy rcfey ies kqlyafm dy zrfmy ƒ vyKx leI PrYzirk kUpr Kud kursI `qy bYTf sI. sfzy dyÈ Bgq qy aMgryË dIaF nËrF ivc bfgI sYinkF ƒ ds-ds dIaF tolIaF ivc bfhr ilaf ky golIaF nfl burI qrHF ivMn idwqf igaf. 237 sYinkF ƒ golIaF nfl mfr idwqf igaf. ies ipwCoN aMgryË ispfhI, ipwCy rihMdy 45 ispfhIaF ƒ bfhr ilafAux jdoN qihsIl iemfrq ivc gey qF dyiKaf ik Auh huMms grmI, BuwK, ipafs qy sfh Gutx kfrn pihlF hI mr gey sn qy sihk rhy sn.
iPr ienHF qVPdIaF lfÈF ƒ ibly lfAux leI soicaf igaf. ienHF sYinkF ivc bhuqy ihMdU qy muslmfn sn, jo Aus vyly dy vwzy pMjfb nfl lgdy Auqr pRdyÈ dy mujwPrpur qy afspfs nfl sbMDq sn. Jwtpt PYslf kridaF zIsI kUpr ny ienHF ƒ Qfxy dy sfhmxy KUh ivc suwtx df hukm idwqf. grIb sPfeI syvkF ny hukmF dI qfmIl kridaF DUh-DUh ky ienHF lfÈF nfl KUh Br idwqf. ajnflf dI DrqI lflo lfl ho geI. lokF ny cuwlHy awg nf bflI qy dMdF hyT jIB dbfa ky ies krUrqf BrI kfrvfeI ƒ dyiKaf. ijs ƒ aMgryËF ny ies krky lokF sfhmxy kIqf sI ik AunHF dI dihÈq hor vD sky qy lok zrdy mfry srkfrI qMqr dy jurmF awgy isr nf cuwkx.
KUh ivc dwbIaF ieh rUhF ieiqhfs df ihwsf hn qy afËfdI leI lVn-mrn df sMdyÈ dy rhIaF hn. ieh aMgryË rfj dy hfkmF dy inaF qy siBak hox df vI pfË AuDyVdIaF hn aqy aMgryË rfj df sfQ dy ky afpxy BrfvF dy lhU ivc nhfAux vfly ÊdfrF ƒ lfhnqF vI pfAuFdIaF rihxgIaF, ikAuNik ieh kFz ieiqhfs df koeI Cotf-motf kFz nhIN hY, sgoN iek hor vwzf jilHaF vflf bfg hY, ijwQy pMjfbIaF ny nhIN, sgoN BfrqIaF ny afpxIaF afhUqIaF dy ky lokF gloN gulfmI df jUlf lfhux leI afpxI kurbfnI idwqI.
mobf : 098153-94623
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